CD159a (also known as NKG2A, encoded by the KLRC1 gene) is an inhibitory receptor on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells. After binding to HLA-E molecules, it transmits inhibitory signals to regulate the activity of immune cells. Some viruses (such as HIV and CMV) upregulate the expression of HLA-E to bind to CD159a and inhibit the function of NK cells. Blocking the NKG2A/HLA-E pathway can restore antiviral immunity.
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