凋亡经典信号通路

凋亡是最早被发现的程序性细胞死亡的首要形式,是在生理或病理条件下,由特定的死亡信号通路激活并最终导致不需要的或异常细胞从组织中清除[1]。从形态学特征来看,凋亡细胞表现出胞质皱缩,质膜出芽,磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)外翻,染色质浓缩和DNA断裂[2,3]。整个凋亡过程中细胞膜保持完整,没有内含物释放,不会引起机体炎症反应 [4]。
凋亡是一个精细复杂的级联调控过程,有两个主要的凋亡途径:外源性途径(死亡受体途径)和内源性途径(线粒体途径)。两种途径相互联系、共同参与凋亡调节[5,6]。外源性途径由细胞表面的死亡受体(如Fas和肿瘤坏死因子受体家族成员)及相关配体引发[7],参与的配体和相应的死亡受体包括FasL / Fas,TNF-α/ TNFR1,Apo3L / DR3,Apo2L / DR4和Apo2L / DR5 [8-11]。接头蛋白(FADD / TRADD)招募 caspase-8和/或caspase-10,从而导致死亡诱导信号复合物(DISC)的形成,caspase-8 寡聚化并通过自催化被激活,激活的caspase-8 进而诱导下游级联[12]。活化的caspase-8/10将其他caspases(caspase-3/6/7)前体切割成活化形式的caspases。这些活化的执行阶段的caspase,会导致各种细胞结构(如细胞骨架和细胞核)成分的降解。当caspase-8被抑制或阻断时,RIPK1和RIPK3相互作用导致自磷酸化、转磷酸化和“坏死复合体”(由RIPK1、RIPK3和MLKL组成)的组装,从而进一步启动一种替代形式的程序性细胞死亡,即程序性坏死[13-15]。
内源性凋亡途径由细胞内应激或损伤信号(如内质网应激、氧化应激、DNA损伤)触发,在线粒体水平汇聚并启动下游信号级联传递[16, 17]。随后激活的Bcl-2家族促凋亡成员(如Bax,Bak等)中和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL和Mcl-1,使得线粒体外膜通透性(MOMP)的破坏,导致细胞色素c释放[18]。细胞色素c结合并激活Apaf-1和pro-caspase-9,形成“凋亡小体” [19],然后激活执行阶段的caspase(caspase-3/6/7),导致多种细胞底物降解和细胞凋亡[20, 21]。

ABclonal提供凋亡信号研究特色产品

Caspase-9 Rabbit mAb

AIF Rabbit mAb

PARP1 Rabbit mAb

Caspase-3 Rabbit mAb

Bax Rabbit mAb

Bcl-2 Rabbit mAb

VDAC1 Rabbit mAb

Caspase-12 Rabbit mAb

凋亡信号通路精选研究产品

分类
研究靶点 产品货号 产品名称 应用 物种
Bcl2家族(促生存)
BCL2A19693Bcl-2 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IPHuman, Mouse, Rat
BCL2A20777Bcl-2 Mouse mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
MCL1A0434MCL1 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCMouse, Rat
BCL2L2A1158Bcl-W Rabbit pAbELISA,WBMouse, Rat
BCL2L1A23766Bcl-XL Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
BCL2L1A0209Bcl-XL Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Rat
Bcl2家族(促凋亡)
BAXA19684Bax Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
BAXA20227[KO Validated] Bax Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IF/ICC,IPHuman, Mouse, Rat
BAK1A23523[KD Validated] Bak Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse
BADA19595Bad Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
BADAP1010Phospho-Bad-S112 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse
BIDA0210Bid Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
BIDA23234[KD Validated] Bid Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman
BCL2L11A19702Bim Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
BBC3A3752PUMA Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
Caspase家族
CASP2A4888Caspase-2 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman
CASP2A5724Caspase-2 Rabbit pAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP3A17900Caspase-3 Mouse mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse
CASP3A19654Caspase-3 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP3A2156[KO Validated] Caspase-3 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP3A11021Active Caspase-3 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman
CASP3A19664Caspase-3 p12 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP6A19559Caspase-6 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse
CASP6A19552Caspase-6 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB, IF/ICCHuman, Rat
CASP7A1524Caspase-7 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP8A19549[KO Validated] Caspase-8 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman
CASP8A0215Caspase-8 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP9A11910Caspase-9 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP9A18676Caspase-9 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP10A0216Caspase-10 Rabbit pAbELISA,WBHuman
CASP12A0217Caspase-12 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
CASP12A22864Caspase-12 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
死亡受体及相关蛋白
TNFRSF10AA12540TNFRSF10A Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
TNFRSF10AA24703DR4 Rabbit mAbELISA,FCHuman
TNFRSF10BA19043DR5/TRAILR2/TNFRSF10B Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
FASA19582Fas Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Rat
FASA21903Fas Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse
TNFRSF1AA1540TNFR1/TNFRSF1A Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
TNFRSF1BA19127TNFR2/TNFRSF1B Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
TraddA1145TRADD Rabbit pAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse
FaddA19838FADD Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
TRAF2A19129[KD Validated] TRAF2 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IPHuman, Mouse, Rat
RIPK1A19580RIPK1/RIP Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IPHuman
RIPK1AP1448Phospho-RIPK1-S166 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman
凋亡调节分子
BIRC2A19688[KO Validated] cIAP1 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Rat
BIRC3A0833cIAP2 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
XIAPA20846[KO Validated] XIAP Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
CFLARA2555cFLIP Rabbit pAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白
CYCSA4912Cytochrome C Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
CYCSA13430Cytochrome C Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
APAF1A0751APAF1 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
VDAC1A19707VDAC1 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
AIFM1A19536AIF Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse, Rat
AIFM1A2568[KO Validated] AIF Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
ENDOGA8801Endo G Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
HTRA2A3904HTRA2 Rabbit mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse, Rat
SEPTIN4A10238Septin 4 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
DIABLOA8889Smac/Diablo Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
DNA片段化相关
PARP1A18303PARP1 Mouse mAbELISA,WBHuman, Mouse
PARP1A19596PARP1 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IHC-P,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
PARP1A19612Cleaved PARP1 p25 Rabbit mAbELISA,WB,IPHuman, Mouse
PARP1A0942PARP1 Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IF/ICCHuman, Mouse, Rat
DFFBA10110DFFB Rabbit pAbELISA,WB,IHC-PHuman, Mouse
  • 缩略语注释:
  • PS, phosphatidylserine
  • TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor
  • FasL, Fas Ligand
  • Apo2L, also called TRAIL, TNF superfamily, member 10
  • Apo3L, also called TWEAK, TNF superfamily, member 12
  • DR, Death Receptor
  • FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
  • TRADD, TNFRSF1A associated protein with death domain
  • Bax, BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator
  • Bak, BCL2 antagonist/killer 1
  • Bcl-2, B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2
  • Bcl-xL, also called Bcl2l1, BCL2-like 1
  • Mcl-1, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1, apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member
  • MOMP, membrane outer membrane permeability
  • Apaf-1, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1
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