CDK2, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 2, or cell division protein kinase 2, is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase CDK2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. The cyclin E protein contains a section called the cyclin box, which interacts with the PSTAIRE helix on CDK2 to enact a conformational change in CDK2's T loop. Once the CDK2/Cyclin E1 dimer is formed and activated, it phosphorylates several important proteins including proteins involved in centrosome duplication (NPM, CP110, Mps1), DNA synthesis (Cdt1), DNA repair (Brca1, Ku70), histone gene transcription (p220/NPAT, CBP/p300, HIRA) and Cdk inhibitors.