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Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic factors and is structurally related to β -NGF, BDNF and NT-4. The NT3 cDNA encodes a 257 amino acid residue precursor protein with a signal peptideand a proprotein that are cleaved to yield the 119 amino acid residue mature NT3.The amino acid sequencesof mature human, murine and rat NT-3 are identical. NT-3 selectively promotes the differentiation and survivalof specific neuronal subpopulations in both the central as well as the peripheral nervous systems.